Download Free (.pdf)Black Start Capability
The ability of an energy storage system to energize a site from a complete outage without external grid power, enabling islanded operation.
Behind-the-Meter
Energy assets installed on the customer side of the utility meter that primarily deliver value through bill savings, resiliency, or load management rather than wholesale market participation.
Battery Management System
The internal control and protection layer that monitors cell voltage, current, temperature, and balance. It prevents unsafe conditions such as overcharging or overheating. The BMS focuses on internal battery safety rather than external site-level control.
Ancillary Services
Grid services that support reliability, such as frequency regulation, spinning reserve, or voltage support.
AC-Coupled
An AC-coupled system connects the battery to the electrical system through its own dedicated inverter on the AC side. This setup allows storage to be added to existing PV systems but limits battery charging to AC power unless additional hardware is used. It is common in retrofit applications.